{"id":80695,"date":"2023-10-17T10:46:41","date_gmt":"2023-10-17T08:46:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/yangin-sondurme-kopugu-2\/"},"modified":"2025-06-12T08:00:52","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T06:00:52","slug":"tunel-yanginlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/tunel-yanginlari\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcnel Yang\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u0130nsan\u0131 Korumak \u0130\u00e7in Yap\u0131y\u0131 Korumak \u015eartt\u0131r!"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karayolu, demiryolu ve metro t\u00fcnelleri ula\u015f\u0131mda sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar nedeni ile say\u0131lar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artarak hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yer almaktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 mevzuat d\u00fczenlemeleri ile t\u00fcnellerin yang\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda \u00f6nemli geli\u015fmeler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, t\u00fcnellerde meydana gelebilecek yang\u0131nlar\u0131n di\u011fer kapal\u0131 mekan yang\u0131nlar\u0131ndan kritik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcnel yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer yang\u0131nlardan ay\u0131ran en temel \u00f6zellik hem yap\u0131n\u0131n hem de insan\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fidir. Di\u011fer bina yang\u0131nlar\u0131nda insanlar g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p bina g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilebilmektedir fakat t\u00fcnellerde hem insan hem de t\u00fcnel yap\u0131s\u0131 kurtar\u0131lmak zorundad\u0131r zira t\u00fcnel \u00e7\u00f6kebilir ve t\u00fcnelin \u00e7\u00f6kmesiyle beraber can kayb\u0131 meydana gelebilir. Bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcnel yang\u0131nlar\u0131nda t\u00fcnel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 korumak insan\u0131 korumak kadar \u00f6nemlidir. Ek olarak, t\u00fcnellerin maliyeti ve ekonomik faydalar\u0131 herhangi bir binayla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayacak kadar y\u00fcksektir. T\u00fcnelin tekrar yap\u0131m maliyetinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, t\u00fcnelin kapal\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre boyunca insan ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 faaliyetlerinin aksamas\u0131 da ticari kayba neden olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemli T\u00fcnel Yang\u0131nlar\u0131<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En b\u00fcy\u00fck can kayb\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcnel yang\u0131n\u0131 Bak\u00fc (Azerbaycan)\u2019de 1995\u2019te meydana gelmi\u015ftir ve \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n, 280 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur. \u00d6te yandan d\u00fcnya genelinde en bilindik t\u00fcnel yang\u0131n\u0131 Man\u015f Denizi\u2019nin alt\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa\u2019y\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan Euro Tunnel\u2019de meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Yang\u0131nda can kayb\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r fakat 200 milyon euro\u2019luk hasar\u0131n yan\u0131nda t\u00fcnelin alt\u0131 ay kapal\u0131 kalmas\u0131 iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ticarette milyonlarca euro\u2019luk bir kayba sebebiyet vermi\u015ftir.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcnellerde yang\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in dikkat edilmesi gereken temel unsurlar:<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Yap\u0131sal g\u00fcvenlik,<\/strong> t\u00fcnellerde beton dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131yla sa\u011flanabilmektedir. T\u00fcnel yang\u0131nlar\u0131 genelde hidrokarbon, petrol t\u00fcrevi yak\u0131tlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yang\u0131nlar oldu\u011fundan \u0131s\u0131 be\u015f dakika i\u00e7inde 1200\u00b0<\/strong>C\u2019yi a\u015fabilmekte ve bu derecedeki \u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde be\u015f-on metre y\u00fckseklikteki betonda bile ciddi deformasyona sebep olabilmektedir. Bundan dolay\u0131 betonda, spalling denilen beton patlamas\u0131 meydana gelmektedir. Betonun do\u011fru tasarlanmamas\u0131, i\u00e7inde yeterli g\u00f6zeneklere sahip olmamas\u0131, i\u00e7indeki suyun ka\u00e7acak yer bulamamas\u0131na ve beton cidarlar\u0131n kademe kademe patlamas\u0131na sebep olmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden t\u00fcnellerde beton tasar\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok kritiktir. Uluslararas\u0131 standartlar\u0131n hepsi t\u00fcneldeki beton tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yang\u0131n dayan\u0131m testini \u015fart ko\u015fmaktad\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc birinci konu, t\u00fcnel betonunu korumakt\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Ka\u00e7\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131 korumak<\/strong>, t\u00fcnel i\u00e7erisindeki insanlar\u0131n dumandan bo\u011fulmadan tahliye edilmesini sa\u011flamak ad\u0131na g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemesi gereken bir di\u011fer unsurdur.  Bu da do\u011fru duman ve yang\u0131n sistemlerinin se\u00e7imi, d\u00fczg\u00fcn tasarlanmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Fanlar veya di\u011fer sistemlerle s\u0131cak duman ve \u0131s\u0131, yanma kayna\u011f\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131p t\u00fcnelin bir ucundan tahliye edilebilmektedir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Bask\u0131lama s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme sistemleri<\/strong>, \u00f6zellikle orta uzun t\u00fcnellerde \u00e7ok kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Destek sistemleri olarak da bilinmektedir, olmad\u0131klar\u0131 noktada yap\u0131sal yang\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fc ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lamaz hale gelebilmektedir ve duman at\u0131m\u0131 zorla\u015fabilmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bask\u0131lama s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme sistemleri de optimize bir \u015fekilde tasarlanmal\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Tali t\u00fcnel<\/strong>, uluslararas\u0131 standartlarda 1000 metrenin \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcnellerde istenmektedir. Tali t\u00fcnel hem insanlar\u0131n ka\u00e7mas\u0131na imk\u00e2n tan\u0131makta hem de bask\u0131lama ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok daha rahat y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Efectis, yap\u0131 yang\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131 konusunda 70 y\u0131ll\u0131k bilgi birikimi ve tecr\u00fcbeli ekibi ile T\u00fcrkiye ve di\u011fer bir \u00e7ok \u00fclkede hem t\u00fcnellerin hem de t\u00fcm di\u011fer yap\u0131 tiplerinin yang\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in hizmet vermektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Karayolu, demiryolu ve metro t\u00fcnelleri ula\u015f\u0131mda sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar nedeni ile say\u0131lar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artarak hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yer almaktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 mevzuat d\u00fczenlemeleri ile t\u00fcnellerin yang\u0131n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"featured_media":80697,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[94,283],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-guncel-haberler"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel.jpg",1200,550,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel-250x150.jpg",250,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel-300x138.jpg",300,138,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel.jpg",1200,550,false],"large":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel-1024x469.jpg",1024,469,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel.jpg",1200,550,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel.jpg",1200,550,false],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel.jpg",300,138,false],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel.jpg",400,183,false],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/efectis.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Tunel.jpg",600,275,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Ridvan Yagmur","author_link":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/author\/ridvan\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Karayolu, demiryolu ve metro t\u00fcnelleri ula\u015f\u0131mda sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck avantajlar nedeni ile say\u0131lar\u0131 her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn artarak hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yer almaktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda yap\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 mevzuat d\u00fczenlemeleri ile t\u00fcnellerin yang\u0131n...","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80695","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80695"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":88185,"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80695\/revisions\/88185"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/80697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80695"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/efectis.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}